Genetically engineered models have advantages over xenografts for preclinical studies.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Mouse models of human cancer are valuable tools for cancer research. Although xenografts and genetically engineered models (GEMs) possess limitations as well as advantages, each system plays a significant role in preclinical testing. Tumor xenografts are easy to use, relatively inexpensive, and reproducible. The main drawback of xenografts is that the genetics and histology of the tumors are frequently not representative of the respective human tumor and, thus far, these models have not been as predictive of therapeutic success as one would like. By contrast, GEMs are histologically and genetically accurate models of human cancer but have disadvantages of heterogeneity with regard to frequency, latency, and growth. These disadvantages are reminiscent of the variable behavior of actual human tumors. Recently, these shortcomings have been partly overcome with the development of anatomic and molecular in vivo imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and bioluminescence imaging. These new technologies will hopefully support the use of GEMs in preclinical trials and help determine if trials in GEMs are more predicative than xenografts of human responses.
منابع مشابه
Contemporary murine models in preclinical astrocytoma drug development.
Despite 6 decades of research, only 3 drugs have been approved for astrocytomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumors. However, clinical drug development is accelerating with the transition from empirical, cytotoxic therapy to precision, targeted medicine. Preclinical animal model studies are critical for prioritizing drug candidates for clinical development and, ultimately, for their...
متن کاملاهمیت و کاربرد انواع مدلهای موشی در تحقیقات سرطان: راهنماییهایی در انتخاب بهترین مدل
Mice are the preferred model organisms in tumor and cancer research, concerning tumor biology (initiation, progression, and metastasis) or developing and screening the potential therapeutics. Different murine models including genetically engineered mice (GEM), xenografts, and chemical models may be used for this purpose. By reviewing the most recent scientific reports and publications, in the c...
متن کاملUveal Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenografts.
The prognosis of uveal melanoma (UM) remains poor due to a high risk of metastatic disease. No effective therapies have been described for metastatic UM, and new therapies are needed to improve the outcome for these patients. To achieve this goal, new preclinical animal models are needed. Existing animal models, including genetically engineered mice and orthotopic xenograft models in immunodefi...
متن کاملGenetically Engineered Mouse Models of Brain Cancer and the Promise of Preclinical Testing
Recent improvements in the understanding of brain tumor biology have opened the door to a number of rational therapeutic strategies targeting distinct oncogenic pathways. The successful translation of such "designer drugs" to clinical application depends heavily on effective and expeditious screening methods in relevant disease models. By recapitulating both the underlying genetics and the char...
متن کاملGenetically modified mouse models for biomarker discovery and preclinical drug testing.
The ability to grow pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells in culture, and to introduce precise genetic modifications into those cells through gene targeting, has greatly facilitated the generation of mouse models of human disease. This technology is playing a particularly important role in cancer research. In addition to their use in elucidating the role of individual genes or combinations of ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Cancer research
دوره 66 7 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2006